NgoJulayi 7, imarike yelizwe yokurhweba ngokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yavulwa ngokusesikweni emehlweni omntu wonke, iphawula inyathelo elikhulu phambili kwinkqubo yeChina yesizathu esikhulu sokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.Ukusuka kwindlela ye-CDM ukuya kulingo lokurhweba ngokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yephondo, phantse amashumi amabini eminyaka yophononongo, ukusuka kwimpikiswano yokubuza ukuya ekuvukeni kwengqondo, ekugqibeleni yangenisa lo mzuzu wokuzuza ixesha elidlulileyo kunye nokukhanyisa ikamva.Imarike yekhabhoni kazwelonke isanda kugqiba iveki enye yokurhweba, kwaye kweli nqaku, siya kutolika ukusebenza kweemarike zekhabhoni kwiveki yokuqala kwimbono yobungcali, ukuhlalutya kunye nokuqikelela iingxaki ezikhoyo kunye neendlela zokuphuhliswa kwexesha elizayo.(Umthombo: Ubunye baMandla uMbhali: Wang Kang)
1. Ukuqwalaselwa kwemarike yelizwe yokurhweba ngekhabhoni iveki enye
NgoJulayi 7, usuku lokuvulwa kwemarike yelizwe lokuthengisa i-carbon, i-16.410 yezigidi zeetoni zesivumelwano soluhlu lwe-quota yathengiswa, kunye ne-2 yezigidi ze-yuan, kwaye ixabiso lokuvala laliyi-1.51 yuan / ton, ukuya kwi-23.6% ukusuka kwixabiso lokuvula, kwaye ixabiso eliphezulu kwiseshoni yayiyi-73.52 yuan / ton.Ixabiso lokuvala lolo suku laliphezulu kancinane kune-8-30 ye-yuan ye-8-30 ye-yuan, kwaye umthamo wokurhweba ngosuku lokuqala nawo wawuphezulu kunokuba ulindelwe, kwaye ukusebenza ngosuku lokuqala kwakukhuthazwa ngokubanzi kwishishini.
Nangona kunjalo, umthamo wokurhweba ngosuku lokuqala luvela ikakhulu kumashishini olawulo kunye nokulawula ukukhutshwa ukuba abambe umnyango, ukususela ngomhla wesibini wokurhweba, nangona ixabiso le-quota laqhubeka likhula, umthamo wentengiselwano wehla ngokunzulu xa kuthelekiswa nosuku lokuqala lokuthengisa, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso nakwitheyibhile ilandelayo.
Uluhlu loku-1 Uluhlu lweveki yokuqala yorhwebo lwelizwe lorhwebo lwekhabhoni
Umfanekiso wesi-2 umlinganiselo wokurhweba kwiveki yokuqala yorhwebo lwekhabhoni yelizwe
Ngokomkhwa wangoku, ixabiso lezibonelelo kulindeleke ukuba lihlale lizinzile kwaye linyuka ngenxa yoxabiso olulindelekileyo lwezibonelelo zekhabhoni, kodwa ukuthengiswa kwabo kokurhweba kuhlala kuphantsi.Ukuba kubalwa ngokomlinganiselo wokurhweba kwimihla ngemihla yeetoni ze-30,4 (umthamo wokurhweba oqhelekileyo kwiintsuku ezi-2 ezilandelayo ngamaxesha angama-2), izinga lentengiselwano yonyaka limalunga <>% kuphela, kwaye umthamo unokunyuswa xa ukusebenza Ixesha liyafika, kodwa izinga lokutshintsha lonyaka alikaniki themba.
Okwesibini, iingxaki eziphambili ezikhoyo
Ngokusekwe kwinkqubo yolwakhiwo lwemalike yelizwe yokurhweba ngokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokusebenza kweveki yokuqala yentengiso, imarike yekhabhoni yangoku inokuba nezi ngxaki zilandelayo:
Okokuqala, indlela yangoku yokukhupha izibonelelo yenza kube nzima ukurhweba kwimarike yekhabhoni ukulinganisa uzinzo lwexabiso kunye nokungabikho kwemali okuqhubekayo.Okwangoku, iikowuta zikhutshwa simahla, kwaye isixa sisonke sezabelo sanele ngokubanzi, phantsi kwendlela yorhwebo, kuba iindleko zokufumana iiquotas zingu-zero, nje ukuba unikezelo lugqithise, ixabiso lekhabhoni lingawela ngokulula ixabiso lomgangatho;Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ixabiso lekhabhoni lizinzile ngolawulo olulindelekileyo okanye amanye amanyathelo, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuthintela umthamo wayo wokurhweba, oko kukuthi, kuya kuba luncedo.Ngelixa wonke umntu encoma ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ekhabhoni, eyona nto ibaluleke ngakumbi kukuxhalaba okufihliweyo kokungonelanga kwe-liquidity, ukungabikho okukhulu komthamo wokurhweba, kunye nokungabikho kwenkxaso kumaxabiso ekhabhoni.
Okwesibini, amaqumrhu athatha inxaxheba kunye neendidi zokurhweba azitshati.Okwangoku, abathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike yekhabhoni yelizwe banqunyelwe kumashishini okulawula ukukhutshwa, kwaye iinkampani ze-asethi zekhabhoni ezinobuchwephesha, amaziko emali kunye nabatyali-mali ngabanye abafumananga amathikithi kwimarike yokuthengisa i-carbon okwangoku, nangona umngcipheko wokuqikelelwa uyancipha, kodwa ayikuncedi ekwandiseni isikali senkunzi kunye nomsebenzi wentengiso.Ulungiselelo lwabathathi-nxaxheba lubonisa ukuba umsebenzi oyintloko wemarike yekhabhoni yangoku ulele ekusebenzeni kwamashishini okulawula ukukhutshwa, kwaye ixesha elide lokuhlawula imali alikwazi ukuxhaswa ngaphandle.Kwangaxeshanye, iintlobo zokurhweba ziindawo zekota kuphela, ngaphandle kokungena kwixesha elizayo, ukhetho, ukuqhubela phambili, ukutshintshiselana kunye nezinye izinto eziphuma kuzo, kunye nokungabikho kwezixhobo ezisebenzayo zokufunyanwa kwexabiso kunye neendlela zokubiyela umngcipheko.
Okwesithathu, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokubeka iliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunendlela ende yokuhamba.I-Carbon assets zizinto eziphathekayo ezisekelwe kwidatha yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, kwaye imarike yekhabhoni iyinto engabonakaliyo kunezinye iimarike, kwaye ukunyaniseka, ukuzaliseka kunye nokuchaneka kwedatha ye-carbon emission yenkampani isisiseko sokuthembeka kwemarike yekhabhoni.Ubunzima bokuqinisekisa idatha yamandla kunye nenkqubo yetyala lentlalo engafezekanga ibethe kakhulu uphuhliso lolawulo lwamandla ekhontrakthi, kwaye i-Erdos High-tech Materials Company iye yabika ngobuxoki idatha yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nezinye iingxaki, esinye sezizathu zokuhlehliswa kwe- Ukuvulwa kwemarike yekhabhoni kazwelonke, kunokucinga ukuba kunye nokwakhiwa kwezinto zokwakha, isamente, ishishini lemichiza kunye namanye amashishini anokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlukeneyo, iinkqubo zemveliso ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwenkqubo eyohlukeneyo kwimarike, ukuphuculwa kweMRV. inkqubo nayo iya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba koyiswe kulwakhiwo kwimarike carbon.
Okwesine, imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yee-asethi zeCCER ayicacanga.Nangona umlinganiselo we-CCER we-asethi ezingena kwimarike yekhabhoni ulinganiselwe, unempembelelo ecacileyo yokuhambisa iimpawu zexabiso lokubonisa ixabiso lokusingqongileyo leeprojekthi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ejongwa ngokusondeleyo ngamandla amatsha, amandla asasazwayo, iisinki zekhabhoni zamahlathi kunye nezinye ezifanelekileyo. amaqela, kwaye kwakhona ekungeneni amaqumrhu ngaphezulu ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimarike carbon.Nangona kunjalo, iiyure zokuvula zeCCER, ubukho beeprojekthi ezikhoyo kunye nezingakhutshwanga, umlinganiselo we-offset kunye nobubanzi beeprojekthi ezixhaswayo azikacaci kwaye ziphikisana, ezithintela i-carbon market ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwamandla kunye nombane kwizinga elikhulu.
Okwesithathu, iimpawu kunye nohlalutyo lwentsingiselo
Ngokusekwe kolu qwalaselo lungentla kunye nohlalutyo lwengxaki, sigweba ukuba imakethi yesizwe yesibonelelo sekhabhoni iya kubonisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo kunye neendlela:
(1) Ukwakhiwa kwemarike yekhabhoni yelizwe yiprojekthi yenkqubo enzima
Eyokuqala kukuqwalasela ukulingana phakathi kophuhliso loqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.Njengelizwe elisaphuhlayo, umsebenzi wophuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwaseTshayina usenzima kakhulu, kwaye ixesha eliseleyo kuthi emva kokufikelela kwincopho yokungathathi hlangothi yiminyaka engama-30 kuphela, kwaye ubunzima bomsebenzi buphezulu kakhulu kunobo bamazwe aseNtshona aphuhlileyo.Ukulinganisa ubudlelwane phakathi kophuhliso kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kunye nokulawula inani elipheleleyo lokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kunokubonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokungathathi hlangothi okulandelayo, kwaye "ukukhulula kuqala kwaye emva koko kuqiniswe" kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukushiya ubunzima kunye nobungozi kwikamva.
Okwesibini kukuqwalasela ukungalingani phakathi kophuhliso lommandla kunye nophuhliso lwamashishini.Iqondo lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho nezentlalo kunye nokunikezelwa kwezibonelelo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseChina kuyahluka kakhulu, kwaye ukunyuka okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo kuhambelana nemeko yokwenyani yaseChina, ukuvavanya indlela yokusebenza yemarike yekhabhoni yelizwe.Ngokufanayo, amashishini ahlukeneyo anesakhono esahlukileyo sokuthwala amaxabiso ekhabhoni, kunye nendlela yokukhuthaza uphuhliso olulungeleleneyo lwamashishini ahlukeneyo ngokukhutshwa kwe-quota kunye neendlela zexabiso lekhabhoni ikwangumba ophambili ekufuneka uqwalaselwe.
Okwesithathu kubunzima bendlela yexabiso.Ukususela kumbono we-macro kunye nexesha elide, amaxabiso ekhabhoni anqunywe yi-macroeconomy, uphuhliso olubanzi lweshishini, kunye nenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe bekhabhoni ephantsi, kwaye kwithiyori, amaxabiso ekhabhoni kufuneka alingane nexabiso eliphakathi lokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nexabiso lekhabhoni. ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kuluntu luphela.Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kumbono omncinci kunye nexesha elisondeleyo, phantsi kwe-cap kunye ne-trade mechanism, amaxabiso ekhabhoni anqunywe ngokubonelelwa kunye nemfuno ye-carbon assets, kunye namava ngamazwe ngamazwe abonisa ukuba ukuba i-cap-and-trade method ayifanelekanga, iya kuba. kubangela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kumaxabiso ekhabhoni.
Okwesine kubunzima benkqubo yedatha.Idatha yamandla ngowona mthombo wedatha obalulekileyo wokubalwa kwekhabhoni, kuba amaziko ahlukeneyo onikezelo lwamandla azimeleyo, urhulumente, amaziko oluntu, amashishini ekubambeni idatha yamandla ayiphelelanga kwaye ichanekile, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha yamandla agcweleyo, ukuhlelwa kuninzi kakhulu. nzima, isiseko sedatha ye-carbon emission yembali ayikho, kunzima ukuxhasa ukumiselwa kwe-quota iyonke kunye nolwabiwo lwe-quota yeshishini kunye nolawulo olukhulu lukarhulumente, ukusekwa kwenkqubo yokuhlola i-carbon emission emission ifuna iinzame zexesha elide.
(2) Imarike yekhabhoni yelizwe iya kuba kwixesha elide lokuphucula
Ngokomxholo welizwe lokunciphisa iindleko zamandla kunye nombane oqhubekayo ukunciphisa umthwalo kumashishini, kulindeleke ukuba indawo yokuhambisa amaxabiso ekhabhoni kumashishini nayo iyancipha, egqiba ukuba ixabiso lekhabhoni laseChina aliyi kuba phezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke Indima ephambili yentengiso yekhabhoni phambi kokunyuka kwekhabhoni kusekukuphucula indlela yokuthengisa.Umdlalo phakathi kukarhulumente kunye namashishini, oorhulumente basembindini kunye noorhulumente basekhaya, kuya kukhokelela kulwabiwo olukhululekileyo lwe-quotas, indlela yokuhambisa iya kuhlala ikhululekile, kwaye ixabiso lekhabhoni eliphakathi liya kuqhuba kwinqanaba eliphantsi (kulindeleke ukuba ixabiso lekhabhoni iya kuhlala kuluhlu lwe-50-80 yuan / ton uninzi lwexesha elizayo, kwaye ixesha lokuthotyelwa linokunyuka ngokufutshane ukuya kwi-yuan eyi-100 / ton, kodwa lisephantsi xa kuthelekiswa nemarike yekhabhoni yaseYurophu kunye nemfuno yokutshintsha amandla).Okanye ibonisa iimpawu zexabiso eliphezulu lekhabhoni kodwa ukunqongophala okukhulu kokungabi namali.
Kule meko, isiphumo semarike yekhabhoni ekukhuthazeni utshintsho lwamandla oluzinzileyo alubonakali, nangona ixabiso lesibonelelo sangoku liphezulu kuneloqikelelo lwangaphambili, kodwa ixabiso elipheleleyo lisephantsi xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaxabiso emarike yekhabhoni efana neYurophu kunye EUnited States, elingana neendleko zekhabhoni nge-kWh yamandla amalahle eyongezwe kwi-0.04 yuan/kWh (ngokokukhutshwa kwamandla e-thermal nge-kWh ye-800g) .Ikhabhon diokside (ikhabhon diokside), ebonakala inempembelelo ethile, kodwa le nxalenye yeendleko zekhabhoni iya kongezwa kuphela kwi-quota engaphezulu, enendima ethile ekukhuthazeni ukuguqulwa okunyukayo, kodwa indima yokuguqulwa kwesitokhwe ixhomekeke ekuqiniseni okuqhubekayo kwe-quotas.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukungabi namali yokuhlawula amatyala okulambathayo kuya kuchaphazela ukuxatyiswa kwee-asethi zekhabhoni kwimalike yezemali, ngenxa yokuba ii-asethi ezingekho mthethweni zinexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ziya kuthotywa kuvavanyo lwexabiso, nto leyo echaphazela uphuhliso lwemarike yekhabhoni.Ukungabi namali yokuhlawula amatyala akuncedi ekuphuhliseni nasekurhwebeni kwe-asethi ye-CCER, ukuba izinga lokuguqulwa kweemarike zekhabhoni zonyaka lingaphantsi kwesaphulelo esivumelekileyo se-CCER, oko kuthetha ukuba i-CCER ayikwazi ukungena ngokupheleleyo kwimarike yekhabhoni ukuze isebenzise ixabiso layo, kwaye ixabiso layo zicinezelwe kakhulu, zichaphazela uphuhliso lweeprojekthi ezinxulumeneyo.
(3) Ukwandiswa kwemarike yecarbon yelizwe kunye nokuphuculwa kweemveliso kuya kwenziwa ngaxeshanye
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, imarike yekhabhoni yelizwe iya kunqoba ngokuthe ngcembe ubuthathaka bayo.Kwiminyaka emi-2-3 ezayo, amashishini amakhulu asibhozo aya kufakwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, i-quota iyonke kulindeleke ukuba yande ukuya kwi-80-90 yeetoni zeebhiliyoni ngonyaka, inani lamashishini afakiweyo liya kufikelela kwi-7-8,4000, kwaye i-asethi yemarike iyonke iya kufikelela kwi-5000-<> ngokwexabiso le-carbon price levelbillion.Ngokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yolawulo lwekhabhoni kunye neqela leetalente zobuchwephesha, ii-asethi zekhabhoni azisayi kuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukusebenza kuphela, kwaye imfuno yokuvuselela i-carbon asethi esele ikhona ngokuhlaziya imali iya kuba namandla ngakumbi, kubandakanya neenkonzo zezimali ezifana nekhabhoni phambili, i-carbon swap. , ukhetho lwekhabhoni, i-carbon leasing, iibhondi zekhabhoni, i-carbon asset securitization kunye neemali zekhabhoni.
Ii-asethi zeCCER kulindeleke ukuba zingene kwimarike yekhabhoni ekupheleni konyaka, kwaye iindlela zokuthotyelwa kwenkampani ziya kuphuculwa, kwaye indlela yokuhambisa amaxabiso ukusuka kwimarike yekhabhoni ukuya kumandla amatsha, iinkonzo zamandla ezidibeneyo kunye namanye amashishini aya kuphuculwa.Kwixesha elizayo, iinkampani ze-asethi zekhabhoni ezinobuchwephesha, amaziko emali kunye nabatyali-zimali ngabanye banokungena kwimarike yokurhweba ngekhabhoni ngendlela elungeleleneyo, bekhuthaza abathathi-nxaxheba abahlukeneyo kwiimarike zekhabhoni, iziphumo ezicace ngakumbi zokudityaniswa kwenkunzi, kunye neemarike ezisebenzayo ngokuthe ngcembe, ngaloo ndlela zenza uqoqosho olucothayo. umjikelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-19-2023